The Definition of Listening and How to Do It Well

Listening is the active process of receiving and responding to spoken (and sometimes unspoken) messages. It is one of the subjects studied in the field of language arts and in the discipline of conversation analysis. Listening is not just hearing what the other party in the conversation has to say. Listening means taking a vigorous, human interest in  what is being told us, said poet  Alice Duer Miller. You can  listen like a blank wall  or like a splendid auditorium where every sound comes back fuller and richer. Elements and Levels of Listening Author Marvin Gottlieb cites four elements of good listening: Attention—the focused perception of both visual and verbal stimuliHearing—the physiological act of opening the gates to your earsUnderstanding—assigning meaning to the messages receivedRemembering—the  storing  of meaningful information (Managing Group Process. Praeger, 2003) He also cites four levels of listening: acknowledging, sympathizing, paraphrasing, and empathizing. The four levels of listening range from passive to interactive when considered separately. However, the most effective listeners are able to project all four levels at the same time. That means they show theyre paying attention, they show interest, and they convey they are working to understand the speakers message. Active Listening An active listener not only pays attention but withholds judgment during the speakers turn and reflects on whats being said. S.I. Hayakawa notes in The Use and Misuse of Language that an active listener is curious about and open to the speakers views, wants to understand his or her points, and so asks questions to clarify whats being said. An unbiased listener ensures that the questions are neutral, without skepticism or hostility. [L]istening does not mean simply maintaining a polite silence while you are rehearsing in your mind the speech you are going to make the next time you can grab a conversational opening. Nor does listening mean waiting alertly for the flaws in the other fellows argument so that later you can mow him down, Hayakawa said. Listening means trying to see the problem the way the speaker sees it—which means not sympathy, which is feeling for him, but empathy, which is experiencing with him. Listening requires entering actively and imaginatively into the other fellows situation and trying to understand a frame of reference different from your own. This is not always an easy task. (How to Attend a Conference in The Use and Misuse of Language. Fawcett Premier, 1962) Impediments to Listening A basic communication loop has a message going from a sender to a receiver and feedback (such as acknowledgment of understanding, e.g., a nod) going from the receiver to the speaker. A lot can get in the way of a message being received, including distraction or fatigue on the part of the listener, the receiver prejudging the speakers argument or information, or a lack of context or commonality to be able to understand the message. Difficulty in hearing the speaker could also be an impediment, though thats not always the fault of the listener. Too much jargon on the part of the speaker can also impede the message. "Listening" to Other Cues When communicating, body language (including cultural cues) and tone of voice can also relay information to the listener, so in-person communication can send more layers of information about the topic being relayed than a voice-only means or a text-only method. The receiver, of course, has to be able to properly interpret the nonverbal signs to avoid subtext misunderstandings. Keys to Effective Listening Here are a dozen tips to being an effective active listener: Maintain eye contact with the speaker if possible.Pay attention and listen for ideas.Find areas of interest.Judge content, not delivery.Dont interrupt, and be patient.Hold back your points or counterpoints.Resist distractions.Pay attention to nonverbal information.Keep your mind open, and be flexible.Ask questions during pauses and give feedback.Listen with empathy to try and see the speakers viewpoint.Anticipate, summarize, weigh the evidence, and look between the lines.

Throughout The Novels, Pride And Prejudice And Frankenstein,

Throughout the novels, Pride and Prejudice and Frankenstein, Jane Austen and Mary Shelley, respectively, warn their readers of the social consequences of excessive pride and prejudice. They use their characters as embodiments of pride and prejudice in order to discuss this theme. While both authors emphasize the negative effects pride and prejudice have on reaching one’s goals and on forming relationships, Shelley’s tone and message holds much darker implications as she argues that pride and prejudice ultimately lead to social chaos. Austen discusses the effects that pride and prejudice have on reaching one’s goals through Mrs. Bennet’s determination and struggle to be a good mother, as she falls victim to social pressures and her own†¦show more content†¦This decision is purely based on his pride and his thirst for glory. By keeping his creation a â€Å"secret which [he] alone possessed† (Shelley 55), Frankenstein would be the sole receive r of praise and admiration. Had he not been so prideful and had he worked with a colleague, his creation may not have been such a great failure. Shelley displays Frankenstein’s manic solitude in order to warn her readers of the human tendency to allow their pride to overshadow the need for assistance and criticism from others. This is often a set-up for failure. However, Frankenstein does not entirely fail in creating life. He succeeds in creating a living creature, but, his prejudice keeps him it as anything other than a monster â€Å"more hideous than belongs to humanity† (77). If Frankenstein had not judged his creature immediately based on its appearance, he would have found its benevolence and innocence. While initially, Frankenstein’s prideful need for solitude leads to his inevitable failure, later, it his prejudice that keeps him from realizing his success in creating a truly benevolent and intelligent creature. In addition to acting as barriers to achieving one’s goals, pride and prejudice also have a negative impact on one’s relationships. In their respective novels, Austen and Shelley both present ways in which excessive pride and prejudice lead to isolation. Austen focuses on the one’s inability to formShow MoreRelatedZombies And Its Effects On Society1718 Words   |  7 Pagesisolation, zombies have been rising in popularity. Their emotional adaptations have extended as far as zombies having romantic relationships, allowing the new genre of film, zombie romance, to peak the horizon and contribute to their prominence throughout history. In addition, the effects of their popularity on society include studies that have shown children obtaining violent and abusive behavior as a result of their exposure to zombies. 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Tourism Policy of Switzerland Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Tourism Policy of Switzerland. Answer: Tourism policy of Switzerland and its effects Switzerland is the country of mountains, lakes and peaks. The famous mountains like Jungfraujoch popularly known as Europes Rooftop. Mostly, the mountains in Switzerland are covered by the snow which adds a magnificent view of nature. The tourism of Switzerland is known for its beautiful landscapes and skating on the snowy mountains. The alpine climate adds a more beautiful scenario for landscapes. Hence, the tourism in Switzerland regarded as the dream destination for global tourists. Undoubtedly, the country like Switzerland regarded as the most incredible exploring locations in the world. One must not miss an opportunity to tour in the Switzerland. Some of the beautiful destinations of the Switzerland are Mount Pilatus (known for hiking), Swiss National Park (hold a beautiful site of nature by huge mountains and woodlands), Matterhorn Zermatt (known for its stunning peaks), Saint Mortiz (the most popular water resort holds a most expensive social life), the Rhine falls (the most splendid and largest waterfall in the world possess a most astonishing vision of nature). Another facet of Switzerland that the country holds organised and structured policies for tourism. The framework of the tourism policy targets mainly the four components. These four components are improved access of tourism conditions, increased number of tourist by providing affordable offers; strengthen a market of the country and lastly implementation of the basic codes of sustainable development. All such components of the tourism framework supports by the growth strategy. The growth strategy includes a promotion, innovation and cooperation of the tourism so that the tourism policy strengthens the global cooperation among other countries. The history of the official statistics of tourism policy was marked in the year of 1852. However, the policy was recognized again from the year of 1934 and continued till present time. Now, the yearly Swiss Tourism Figures exemplify the sanctioned geometric data of tourism. In the year of 2016, the total number of visiting sites in the Switzerland is gradually increased by the 70 per cent as compared to prior ten years. The areas like Grisons, Berne bear exhibit, Zoo Basel and Bernese Oberland have a highest rating in the tourism sites. Almost 14.9 billon is added in the total gross revenue by the tourism. The tourism of Switzerland strengthens the financial position among other countries (Mill and Morrison, 2012). The development of the Switzerland tourism faces the affirmative effects in it. A basic model of the effects carries on the economical, societal and environmental aspects. The economical aspect in the effect of the tourism includes a beneficial side that is Switzerland is acquiring an adequate generation of the income and job opportunities. Another aspect is the societal one which carries a positive effect that there is cultural diversity experienced in the Switzerland. Lastly, the environmental aspects are that Switzerland primarily aims to provide a suitable atmosphere where least interference must take place against a nature. Moreover, the concept of Sustainable Tourism has been introduced by the country in order to curb the negative effects of the tourism. The concept of sustainability primarily deals with a commitment to respect environment and to attain a sustainable future. The clean technology products and services ensure excellent policies in environmental protection. For instance- ecofriendly products and services are used like installation of the solar impulse at a large scale. There is also commitment of the Swiss convention centres to provide a proper usage of sustainable techniques. The Swiss citizens are considered as a champion who follows a motto nothing should be waste. Even the efforts of Switzerland towards sustainability tourism are also appreciated by the United Nation in the draft of 2017 (Crstea, 2014). Therefore, the tourism plays a significant role in the economy of Switzerland. The ranking of Switzerland in todays era is highest as the country included in global tops 12 economically developed countries. The State Secretariat forEconomic Affairs (SECO) is responsible to facilitate or strengthen the economy of the Switzerland. The SECO plays a key role in the implementation of various policies for tourism. It is a result of the SECO which optimize the tourism sector in more advanced level. Hence, the country like Switzerland provides an excellent example of tourisms significance. Also, the tourism accelerates the hospitality sector in a more systematic manner. It aids the hospitality sector to adapt an advanced level of strategy to attract number of global tourists. Nevertheless, the expansion in the number of global tourists to Switzerland shows that Switzerland always remains a dream destination for traveller. References Crstea, ?.D., 2014. Travel Tourism Competitiveness: A Study of World's TopEconomic Competitive Countries.Procedia Economics and Finance,15, pp.1273-1280. Mill, R.C. and Morrison, A.M., 2012. The Tourism System. Kendall Hunt.

Nevada Week in Review

Nevada Weekly Review is a weekly television program that reviews political and economic issues in the Nevada state and wider USA. In the program televised on 7 October 2011, there were four panelists discussing four issues, viz. GOP Caucus Chaos, Redistricting Uncertainty, Heller Keller Battle, Reid Takes Charge and Brain Jeb.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nevada Week in Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Panelists analyzing these issues were Laura Myers from the Las Vegas Review Journal, a reporter Christina Silva from Associated Press; Glenn Cook from Las Vegas Review Journal and Jon Ralston, a political commentator. They were hosted by the program anchor, Mitch Fox. On the issue of GOP Caucus Chaos that was proposed to be held in January 14 2012 by Bob Romney in Nevada, there was uncertainty of what other states would decide on. This was seen as a manipulation that Romney was manipulating the dates for personal strategic gain. Issues raised in opposition for this early date were historical poor organization in Republican Party though they hired a professional organizer. Those that were for a later late in February were to keep delegates and thus, Nevada should have held third after others since doing so could diminish influential chances for New Hampshire. The issue of competition between Perry and Romney for Nevada primaries was also discussed. According to the Nevada Republican Party, the date was for the best interests of the state in pushing the agenda of taking on the incumbent President Obama. However, Khan interprets provisions of the national party committees that only New Hampshire, Iowa, South Carolina and Nevada are allowed to hold caucus before March 6. On the issue of redistricting, the Nevada High Court had issued an order barring Ross Miller’s petition to stop the mapping or redistricting plans by the selected team (Nevada News Bureau). Miller’s main decision to engage the Supreme Court was that the judge at High Court did not address â€Å"critical legal issues† (CBS Las Vegas News).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The petitioner’s claims were if the team was to include the Hispanic majority district. The issue is to be decided upon by the Supreme Court on November. Related to this issue is whether majority Hispanics in the district should have a new congressional seat or not. Political commentator notes that the constitution says maps are to be redrawn after the census although it was not done in 2001(NationalAtlas.gov). The fundraising issue for their primaries by Berkley and Heller in which the former raised more money than Heller was also raised. The sources were questioned but the need by Berkeley for the money was also outlined in the discussion. Dean Berkley is said to have sided with China over N evada’s unemployed. Berkley astoundingly removed a memo that posited intimated political supremacy. Heller was seen as supporting currency manipulation by China that caused Nevada 14800 jobs (Nevada Rural Democratic Caucus). Berkley scored card that Heller represented Chinese interests and not Nevada residents (Demijian). About Reid’s motion to raise millionaires’ tax by 5%, the discussants agreed that it might raise political questions. Silva noted that Democrats would use the motion to label republicans as not interested in middle class and the low income in the country. By taxing the millionaires, $455 billion would be raised to spur the faltering economy (Tetrenault). Besides, the bill would decrease national deficit by $6 billion between 2012 – 2021 (International Business Times).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nevada Week in Review specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Bill was supported by Obama saw the bill as enough to meet administration expenses, and with their majority in the Chamber, they were poised for win (Faler). The tax that is currently as 35% means that it would be pushed to 40% and there is no certainty of its effect on the economy (USA Today). According to The Economist, piling tax on the shoulders has failed from historical studies on economic performance. There were political connotations in most of events that were covered in the discussion. Politics affects lives of people and it is wiser if economy issues could be left for the experts who then would advise the state on steps that should be taken. Whether it is bills or elections, politics affect everyone’s quality of lives but they also promote inclusiveness and fairness in cases where they are deserved, as with the boundary review case. Works Cited CBS Las Vegas. â€Å"Court Asked To Weigh-In On Redistricting.† CBS Las Vegas. Oct. 2011. 17 Oct. 2011 http://lasvegas.cbslo cal.com/2011/10/04/court-asked-to- weigh-in-on-redistricting/. Demirjian, Karoun. â€Å"Berkley, Heller Spar Over Chinese Currency Manipulation.† Las Vegus Sun. 5 Oct. 2011. 17 Oct. 2011 http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2011/oct/05/berkley-heller-spar-over- chinese-currency-manipula/. Faler, Brian. â€Å"Reid Proposes 5% Tax on Earners of $1 M-Plus.† Bloomberg. 6 Oct. 2011. 17 Oct. 2011 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-05/reid-proposes- 5-tax-on-millionaires-to-help-fund-obama-job-creation-plan.html.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More International Business Times. â€Å"Millionaire’s Tax: Reid Hopes Senate Can Vote Tuesday.† International Business Times. n.d. 17 Oct. 2011 http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/227783/20111009/millionaires-tax-surtax-reid- harry-reid-senate-schumer-democrats-republicans-tea-party-jobs-bill.htm. Khan, Huma. â€Å"Is the U.S. Primary System Flawed? Political Jostling Exposes Weakness.† ABC News. n.d. 17 Oct. 2011 http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/is-the-u-s-primary-system-flawed- political-jostling-exposes-weakness/. NationalAtlas.gov. â€Å"Congressional Districts of the United States.† NationalAtlas.gov. n.d. 17 Oct. 2011 http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/congress.html. Nevada Republican Party. â€Å"Nevada Presidential Caucus Moved to January 14.† Nevada Republican Party. n.d. 17 Oct. 2011 http://www.nevadagop.org/nevada- presidenti%E2%80%8Bal-caucus-moved-to-january-14th/. Nevada Rural Democratic Caucus. â€Å"Emerge Nevada is Looking for a New Good Woman.† Nevada Rural Democratic Caucus. 6 Oct. 2011. 17 Oct. 2011 http://nvrdc.wordpress.com/tag/emerge-nevada/. The Silk Road Summit. â€Å"Diving into the Rich Pool: Imposing Higher Tax Rates on the Wealthy Can Have Unintended Consequences.† The Economist. n.d. 17 Oct. 2011 http://www.economist.com/node/21530093. Tetrenault, Steve. â€Å"Reid Defends Proposed Millionaires Tax.† Las Vegas Review Journal 5 Oct. 2011: Al. ThisIsReno. â€Å"Nevada Supreme Court More Information in SOS Redistricting Request.† ThisIsReno. 5 Oct. 2011. 17 Oct. 2011 http://thisisreno.com/2011/10/nevada- supreme-court-wants-more-information-in-sos-redistricting-request/. USA Today. â€Å"Senate Dems Want Millionaire Tax in Obama Jobs Bill.† USA Today. 6 Oct. 2011. 17 Oct. 2011 http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/story/2011-10- 05/senate-democrats-jobs-tax/50668368/1. This essay on Nevada Week in Review was written and submitted by user Chr1st1ne to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.